ApartSIL NH2 (Amino) is an HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) column that features amino (NH2) functional groups bonded to a silica support. It is used in reversed-phase chromatography and provides unique separation characteristics due to the interactions between the amino groups and analytes. Here’s a comprehensive overview:

1. General Characteristics

• Type:Reversed-phase HPLC column.
• Stationary Phase: Silica particles bonded with amino (NH2) groups.
• Amino Designation: Refers to the presence of amino functional groups attached to the silica surface, which facilitate various interactions with analytes.

2. Particle and Pore Characteristics

• Particle Size: Available in various particle sizes such as 3µm, 5µm, or 10µm. Smaller particles offer higher resolution and efficiency.
• Pore Size:Typically around 100 Å (angstroms), suitable for separating small to moderately large molecules.
• Surface Area: High surface area due to finely divided silica particles, enhancing interaction between analytes and the stationary phase.

3. Functional Groups and Bonding

• Amino Groups: The column features amino (NH2) groups bonded to the silica surface. These groups facilitate hydrogen bonding, dipole interactions, and electrostatic interactions with analytes.
• Bonding Technology: Amino groups are bonded using advanced silanization techniques, ensuring stability and reproducibility of the column’s performance.

4. Applications

• Pharmaceutical Analysis: Effective for separating polar pharmaceuticals, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and their metabolites. Also used for chiral separations.
• Environmental Testing: Suitable for analyzing polar pollutants, pesticides, and other organic compounds in environmental samples.
• Food and Beverage Analysis: Useful for separating food additives, contaminants, and other polar compounds.
• Biochemical Analysis: Employed for separating amino acids, peptides, and other biomolecules with polar or ionic characteristics.
• Clinical Research: Effective for analyzing biological samples for drugs, metabolites, and other polar substances.

5. Performance and Stability

• Polar Interactions: Amino groups provide strong polar interactions, including hydrogen bonding, which can enhance separation for polar and ionic compounds.
• High Efficiency: Offers good separation efficiency with well-resolved peaks, essential for accurate quantification and identification.
• Reproducibility: Ensures consistent and reproducible results, crucial for routine analyses and method validation.

6. Operating Conditions

• pH Range:Typically stable across a pH range of 2 to 8, allowing flexibility in mobile phase composition.
• Temperature Range: Generally stable up to 60-80°C, depending on the specific column specifications.
• Mobile Phases: Compatible with a variety of organic solvents (e.g., methanol, acetonitrile) and aqueous buffers, providing versatility in method development.

7. Maintenance and Care

• Column Conditioning: Proper conditioning with recommended solvents before initial use is necessary to achieve optimal performance.
• Cleaning Protocols: Regular cleaning with appropriate solvents (e.g., methanol, acetonitrile) helps maintain performance by removing retained contaminants.
• Storage: Should be stored in a suitable solvent (such as methanol or acetonitrile) to prevent the stationary phase from drying out and to avoid microbial growth.

8. Advantages of the Amino Phase

• Polar and Ionic Interaction: The amino groups facilitate interactions with polar and ionic compounds, making the column suitable for a wide range of polar analytes.
• Good Separation Efficiency: Provides high separation efficiency with well-resolved peaks, essential for accurate analytical work.
• Versatility: Suitable for a broad range of applications, including pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, and biochemical research.

9. Variants and Customization

• Different Particle and Pore Sizes: Available in various configurations to suit specific analytical needs, including different particle sizes and pore sizes.
• Column Dimensions: Offered in different lengths (e.g., 50mm, 100mm, 150mm, 250mm) and internal diameters (e.g., 2.1mm, 4.6mm) to cater to different applications, from high-throughput analysis to preparative chromatography.

10. Technical Specifications

• Silica Support: Made from high-purity silica, minimizing metal contamination that could interfere with separation.
• Endcapping: Often endcapped to reduce the activity of residual silanol groups, improving peak shape and reducing tailing for basic compounds.
• Bonding Process: The amino groups are bonded using advanced silanization techniques, ensuring stable and consistent performance.

11. Applications in Research and Industry

• Pharmaceutical Quality Control: Used in quality control labs for analyzing pharmaceuticals and their metabolites, ensuring accurate separation and quantification.
• Environmental Analysis: Effective for analyzing environmental pollutants and contaminants.
• Food Safety Testing: Useful for analyzing food products for additives and contaminants.
• Chemical Manufacturing: Employed in monitoring chemical processes and purification steps in industrial settings.
• Clinical and Biomedical Research: Facilitates the separation and identification of various biomolecules, aiding in drug development and disease research.

12. Method Development

• Optimization Flexibility: The column’s ability to interact with a wide range of compounds allows for flexibility in method development.
• Compatibility with Gradient Elution: Performs well under both gradient and isocratic elution conditions, providing versatility in method design.

13. Regulatory Compliance

• Pharmaceutical and Food Testing: Often used in methods that comply with regulatory standards (e.g., USP, EP, FDA), making it suitable for validated analytical procedures.

14. Manufacturers and Suppliers

• Availability:ApartSIL NH2 columns are produced by various chromatography product manufacturers. Specific details may vary, so consulting the product datasheet is recommended.
• Technical Support: Manufacturers typically provide comprehensive technical support, including user guides, troubleshooting advice, and method development assistance.

15. Comparative Advantages

• Polar Interaction Benefits: Provides effective separation for a wide range of polar and ionic compounds due to the versatile interactions of the amino groups.
• Versatility: Suitable for various analytical applications, making it a versatile choice for different needs.

16. Interaction Benefits

• Enhanced Separation: The amino groups facilitate strong interactions with polar and ionic analytes, improving separation efficiency and peak shape.
• High Purity: Ensures minimal contamination and reliable separation results, which is critical for accurate analytical work.

In summary, ApartSIL NH2 (Amino) is an HPLC column designed for reversed-phase chromatography with amino functional groups bonded to the silica surface. Its ability to interact with a wide range of polar and ionic analytes makes it ideal for various applications in pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, food safety, and biochemical research. The column offers high separation efficiency, versatility, and reproducibility, making it valuable for diverse analytical needs.